The purpose of this paper is first to clarify the nature of these oscillations and second to propose an explanation using the concept of current instabilities proposed by Buneman. Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy. A class of HET is known as stationary plasma thrusters (SPT), in SPT plasma forms in a narrow annular channel and interacts with inner ceramic wall. 13 The attitude control thruster ( ACT ) is the control component of the flight vehicle. The origin of the oscillations in the range 1-100 kHz, which have been observed during the working of stationary plasma thruster (SPT) is not well understood until now. These features make them suitable for satellite station keeping or orbit transfer. SFT Cutaway Magnet Solenoid (.4) Stationary Plasma Thruster - solar electric propulsion system for ESA's SMART-1 mission Stationary plasma thrusters are attractive electric propulsion systems for spacecrafts. Journal of Applied Physics 93 (1), 67, 2003. Search for more papers by this author. Stationary plasma thruster evaluation in Russia : summary report. Comparison between particle simulation and measurements of a stationary plasma thruster plume. Plasma based electric propulsion systems are under investigation as a technology to produce thrust at very high efficiency for the satellite applications. 18 December 2008 | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. Two Dimensional Hybrid Model of a Miniaturized Cylindrical Hall Thruster. stationary plasma thruster (SPT); spacecraft (S/C) Introduction As it is known [1], SPT’s had started to operate in space in 1972 and since that time they are regularly used for the spacecrafts (S/C) orbit correction. The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method was used to study various plasma thruster concepts: Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT), High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster (HEMP-T) and the cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT). MPD Thruster. Gridded RF Thruster. 1 represents schematically the geometry of the SPT. Soviet Union developed two types of Hall thrusters; stationary plasma thruster (SPT) and the anode layer thruster (ALT). Modelling of stationary plasma thrusters. are observed under various operating … The main developer and producer of the flight SPT versions in Russia is Experimental Design Bureau (EDB) Fakel and by now over 300 Preliminary results are presented for the operation of a very low power stationary plasma thruster. STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTER E. Bourguignon - T. Scalais Alcatel ETCA s.a. BP 4008 B-6000 CHARLEROI (BELGIUM) Phone : +32.71.44.23.68 eric.bourguignon@etca.alcatel.be Alcatel ETCA, under ESA contract since 1996, has designed, tested and produced Power Processing Unit Study of Plume Characteristics of a Stationary Plasma Thruster. Plasma-based propulsion is becoming the baseline solution for satellite stationing and attitude/orbit control. S. Longo. [John R Brophy; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)] The thruster design is co-axial, with a 0.5 mm channel width and 4 mm outer channel diameter and is intended to be approximately 1/100 the scale of a typical 1 kW thruster. An efficiency of ∼60% was achieved with krypton for the specific impulse attaining 3000 s. 223, No. The role of the wall is that the collisions of the electrons and … Xenon is injected at the anode, at one end of the channel, and is ionized by electrons injected at the other hand of the channel ~exhaust!. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information In these thrusters, a magnetic field transverse to the electron flow towards the anode increases the electron collision frequency and makes possible the generation of a plasma at relatively low gas flow and gas density. These devices manipulate electric and magnetic fields to expel ionized gas (plasma) components, resulting in thrust. MODELING OF SPT-100 STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTER (HALL EFFECT THRUSTER) Overview Stationary plasma thrusters (SPT)[1,2] also known as Hall thrusters are among the most mature electric propul- sion devices used in various space applications including satellite orbit correction and station keeping. In SPT the magnetic field is primarily used to enable electron impact ionization and the development of an axial electric field in the channel. Most studies have been carried out with a Hall effect thruster previously designed for xenon. Stationary Plasma Thrusters (SPT's) are being investigated for application to a variety of near-term missions. The history of the development of the concept of the stationary plasma thruster is described. A joint venture company is qualifying a complete propulsion subsystem incorporating Russian thrusters with western electronics and … The data obtained indicate the possibility of creating extended (over a distance substantially longer than the Debye radius) electric fields in a fully ionized plasma with a relatively high electron temperature (Te>10 eV) and a conductivity close to the classical one. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. 6 kW Hall Effect Thruster (H6) 11 An ion thruster test for NASA’s Deep Space 1. By Jean-Pierre Boeuf. COMET Dual-Channel Hall Effect Thruster . The usual propellant is xenon. drift extended acceleration Hall thruster. Annular Helicon Plasma Source. An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion.It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity.. An ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions.These ion thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the Coulomb force along an electric field. The global characteristics of an ATON stationary plasma thruster operating on xenon and krypton are investigated. HETs come primarily in two variants: the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) (also known as the magnet layer thruster) and the anode layer thruster (TAL). CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Introduction A stationary plasma thruster (SPT, or Hall Thruster) is an electromagnetic thruster whose properties make it especially suitable for applications such as satellite station-keeping. Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Bari and Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e di Plasmi CNR, Sect. 12 The Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) will play a very important role for China’s future space developing plan. Langmuir probes, planar probes, Faraday cups, and a retarding potential analyzer were used to measure plume properties. Extensive government and academic study … In stationary plasma thrusters ~SPT!, or Hall thrusters, a plasma is created in a channel between two concentric di-electric cylinders. Stationary Hall thrusters are electric, moderate-specific impulse propulsion systems developed in Russia. This electric propulsion technology, also called Hall effect or stationary plasma thrusters, offers a significant weight reduction compared with traditional chemical propulsion systems. 2. BHT-200 Hall Effect Thruster. Cylindrical Helicon. 5.1 Dielectric wall thruster or stationary plasma thruster. Soviet Union has done pioneering research work on Hall thrusters. And the magnetic field is the key to improve the performance of SPT. They have been using SPT's on their satellites since 1972. Pulsed Inductive Thruster. 223, No. Stationary plasma thrusters (SPT, also called closed electron drift thruster of the Morozov type) , are ion thrusters with high specific impulse and low thrust. Electron-neutral elastic scattering, excitation and ionization processes are modelled by Monte Carlo collision methodology. Among the other suggested propellants, krypton could be one of the best candidates. The ATON A-3 developed by MSTU MIREA (Moscow) initially defined for xenon has been optimized … The Hall thruster is a high-efficiency spacecraft propulsion device that utilizes plasma to generate thrust. The stationary plasma thruster (SPT) put forward by Morozov is an electrostatic thruster used for spacecraft propulsion. It produces thrust by ionizing xenon gas and accelerating it to high exhaust velocities through an electric potential between the annular anode and the exit plane of the thruster. T-40 Hall Effect Thruster. A laboratory version of a stationary plasma thruster which can accelerate a plasma jet using an axial electric field and radial magnetic field in an annular cha. Stationary plasma thrusters are ion thrusters whose properties make them especially suitable for satellite station keeping or orbit transfer. A particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision method is used to carry out parametric investigations on the performance of a stationary plasma thruster (SPT). The purpose of this paper is first to clarify the nature of these oscillations and second to propose an explanation using the concept of current instabilities proposed by Buneman. We discuss the principles, challenges, and benefits of these SPT models. Role of anomalous electron transport in a stationary plasma thruster simulation. Compared to the conventional circular type, the horse-track shaped proto-type linear stationary plasma thruster (LSPT) was designed and fabricated. Annular Helicon and Hall Effect Thruster. The cathode is located outside the channel, next to the exhaust plane. A two-dimensional in space and three-dimensional in velocity, fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) model of the atom (Xe), ion (Xe + ) and electron dynamics of a stationary plasma thruster is developed. F. Taccogna. Comparison between particle simulation and measurements of a stationary plasma thruster plume. Study of Plume Characteristics of a Stationary Plasma Thruster. 161: 2003: Critical assessment of a two-dimensional hybrid Hall thruster model: Comparisons with experiments. The paper examines some of the benefits to be gained in using Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) propulsion onboard small spacecraft. The thruster design is co-axial, with a 0.5 mm channel width and 4 mm outer channel diameter and is intended to be approximately 1/100 the scale of a typical 1 kW thruster. Hagelaar, Bareilles, Garrigues, Boeuf. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Preliminary results are presented for the operation of a very low power stationary plasma thruster. T-140 Hall Effect Thruster. Stationary Plasma Thrusters (SPT's) are being investigated for application to a variety of near-term missions. propellant Feed Anode/Gas Distributor Figure 2. The success of Hall-effect engines in USSR satellite-transfer missions quickly sparked western interest in the design. The origin of the oscillations in the range 1-100 kHz, which have been observed during the working of stationary plasma thruster (SPT) is not well understood until now. Hall Effect Thrusters (HET) are widely used now in electric propulsion system. It is shown that, with krypton, the thrust at the same mass flow rate of the working gas is greater and the efficiency is somewhat lower than those with xenon. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of the thruster plume characteristics which are needed to assess spacecraft integration requirements. The discharge in stationary plasma thrusters (SPTs) can be simulated by hybrid discharge models, describing neutrals and ions by the particle in cell technique and electrons by fluid equations, and deducing the electric field from the quasi‐neutrality condition. Particle‐in‐Cell Simulation of Stationary Plasma Thruster. AbstractThis article is attempted to study the plume characteristics of a stationary plasma thruster (SPT). Modelling of stationary plasma thrusters. 2. FACILITY EFFECTS ON STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTER TESTING T. Randolph4, V. Kim3, H. Kaufman2, K. Kozubsky1, V. Zhurin2, M. Day4 1 Fakel, Kaliningrad Region, Russia 2 Front Range Research, Fort Collins, CO, USA 3 Research Institute of Applied Mechanics and Electrodynamics, Moscow, Russia 4 Space Systems/Loal Palo Alto, CA, USA The operation of a laboratory version of the flight-qualified SPT-100 stationary plasma thruster is compared for four different discharge chamber wall materials: a boron nitride–silica mixture (borosil), alumina, silicon carbide, and graphite. SPTs were developed in Russia, and have an extensive flight history, with over 70 thrusters flown since 1971. The main difference between these two devices is that the SPT uses a dielectric coating that usually contains boron nitride to electrically insulate its acceleration channel A Hall Effect thruster was … T-220HT Hall Effect Thruster. Related Papers. Such thrusters have a wall made up of dielectric of boron nitride or silicon carbide and extended channel compared to its width. A cathode with LaB6 emitter was adopted for trapped electron motion along ceramic wall as an electron source generally attached in the conventional cylindrical SPT. Jean-Pierre Boeuf. Fig. A stationary plasma thruster (SPT), which is a kind of HET, is a popular device that uses a discharge mechanism to ionize and accelerate the ions. The effects of applied voltage, channel length, working gas pressure and the peak magnetic field are studied. Force Line Plasma Stream Ionization Zone Debye Layer Stationary Plasma Thruster These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Modeling of an advanced concept of a double stage Hall effect thruster. Read "Particle‐in‐Cell Simulation of Stationary Plasma Thruster, Contributions to Plasma Physics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The evolution of the plasma density, electron temperature, discharge current etc. Download. In this type of system, a stream of electrons bombards a fuel (such as xenon gas), In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Get this from a library! E-mail address: francesco.taccogna@ba.imip.cnr.it. The magnetic circuit employs a permanent magnet core generating a peak 18 December 2008 | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. Contributions to Plasma Physics CPP www.cpp-journal.org Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Stationary Plasma Thruster F. Taccogna1 , S. Longo1 , M. Capitelli1 , and R. Schneider2 1 Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita’ degli Studi di Bari and Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e di Plasmi CNR, Sect.
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